【陳立勝】作為修身學范疇的“獨知”概念之構成一包養網站比較——朱子慎獨功夫新論

The “new meaning” of “individual knowledge” comes from Zhu Zi’s explanation of “being cautious in one’s own” in “Big Learning” and “Doing the Mean”. The word “zhi” is not mentioned in the two words “正”. However, Zhu Zi both described the word “individual” from the perspective of “knowledge”.

“What you say is to be honest and honest should not deceive yourself. It is like being evil and odorful, like being lustful, this is self-righteous. Therefore, people must be careful of their own independence.” Zhu Zi said in this “Big Learning” text of “Sutra”: “Superior is a place where people do not know but they know it alone.” He said, “Those who want to study by themselves , knowing that doing good will be evil in the past, then use its strength to stop itself from deceiving itself, so that its evil will be as evil as evil, and being kind and being lustful will all be determined, and seeking will be obtained, so that one can be as happy as oneself, and not only will one act as one for others but to be others. However, in reality and not, there are those who know it alone, but who know it alone, so It must be discussed here to review some of the things.” And for the Doctrine of the Mean, “no one can see the things, no one can see the things, so be cautious when it is independent.” Zhu Zizhi noted: “The things are dark, and the things are subtle. The things are meticulous. They are meticulous. They are meticulous. They are the places that people do not know but they know them. In the darkness, the things that are meticulous are not in shape, but have been a few. Even though people do not know but know it alone, it is because there is no clear view of the affairs of the whole country and pass it over. Therefore, since the correct people always warn of silence, they are particularly sensible, so they curb people’s desire to be cured without letting them grow in the subtle, so that they can leave the way. “These two annotations are highly different <a There are two key points in this: one is to train "individually" with "knowledge", and to train "individually" as a place where bad knowledge is recommended by the website of "conscience", and to define the object of "individually" with "severality". "Although the trait is not in shape, a few have been moved", what is known alone is here. Zhu Zi once said that the former meaning was You Zuo's head, and the latter meaning came from Cheng Zi. Zhu Zi himself combined Cheng Men's unique understanding of Shen and discussed it together. [1]

From Zheng Xuan to Kong Yan, Han and Tang Rus have understood and explained the “single” of “being cautious and independent” in “Doing the Mean” and “Big Learning”, all of which are from “living in peace” and “individual”. Zheng Xuan’s notes said: “Be careful of one’s own, be careful of where one lives. A gentleman speaks and thinks he doesn’t see or hears, and he must do his best to show his feelings.” Kong Guida took a step forward and said: “Therefore, those who are correct are careful of their own, because of their subtlety, fear that their crimes will be revealed. Therefore, those who are correct are extremely cautious about their own residence. . “Being cautious in one’s own way means “be careful in one’s own way (what does it do)”. This understanding has its own textual basis. “A gentleman is not good at living in good health and can do nothing to achieve”, “The Doctrine of the Mean” quotes “The Poem” “Even though it is hidden, it is also the brilliance of Confucius” and “When they are in a room, they are worthy of being leaking in the roof”, both have this meaning. Liu An’s “Huainanzi·Lingxiu Pian” “When you observe where you walk at night, Zhou Gong (not) your mother is about the scenery, so you are correct and cautious when you are independent.” Xu Gan’s “Zhongshu·Fa Xiang” “Where the human way is simple, there is subtle; where you are confused, there is subtle. … Therefore, the correct people respect the lonely and cautious when you are careful when you are subtle.” These statements have not escaped the rules and rules of Zheng Xuan and Kong Lingda’s “Yingju” annotation. Liu Zi: Shen Ren: “Living in the room is like a person, when you are in a vain, you will be like someone… There is no ignorant thing but not visible; there is no hidden thing but not obvious when you are confused. Practice in the wise, and your actions are contrary to the silence, so that people do not know. If people do not know, ghosts and gods know it; if ghosts and gods do not know it, they know it themselves. But the saying that they do not know is the wisdom of shady bells and be blinded.” People do not know, ghosts and gods know it, and ghosts and gods know it. But the saying goes, they do not know it, which is the wisdom of shady bells and bells. ” People do not know it, ghosts and gods know it.” People do not know it, ghosts and gods know it. ;Ghosts and gods do not know, but they know. This statement seems to have broken through Zheng Xuan’s note. Anyone who is cautious means that you have